A solution may contain several solutes, but only one solvent. In normal laboratory situations, the solvent is present in an overwhelming proportion, so that on average solute molecules interact to a much greater extent with a solvent "cage" than with other solute molecules. The two principle components of a solution are the solvent and the solute, with the simple definition that the solvent is the most abundant component and the solute is present to a lesser extent. Now that the distinction has been made between these two types of systems, the rest of this lesson will focus on solutions. An emulsion is a dispersion of liquid in liquid (such as milk). An aerosol is a dispersion of either liquid in gas (such as fog) or solid in gas (such as smoke). A sol is a dispersion of a solid in a liquid (such as muddy water).
The names of suspensions vary depending on the physical state of the substances involved. Because of this uneven distribution, a light beam passing through a suspension will demonstrate net scattering of light, called the Tyndall effect (This is used in the laboratory to distinguish suspensions from true solutions). In contrast, there exist non-homogeneous or disperse systems, which are formed by a suspension of small particles of matter (called colloids). A consequence of this balanced proportionality is that light passing through a transparent sample of solution will scatter uniformly, so that the beam appears to pass straight through. By homogeneous, it is meant that random sampling of any region of a solution would result in the same ratio of components, no matter where that sample is taken.
Introduction- Solutions and Their PropertiesĪ solution is a mixture of two or more components which is homogeneous throughout. Model of an Electrolyte in Aqueous Solution
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